Anatomically, the ARC serves as a primary entry point for the modulation of food intake, and its projection targets are possible integrating nodes for fear‐ and anxiety‐related stimuli.29, 148 In a Pavlovian food challenge task, optogenetic activation of AgRP/NPY neurons increased the time in a previously shocked chamber, in the presence and absence of direct food access, suggesting higher risk taking and/or reduced fear.3 In addition, anxiolysis was demonstrated by increased open arm time on the elevated plus maze and was reminiscent of fasted mice. This evidence concerns the gene NPY and Anxiety.