ALB and stage 5 chronic kidney disease: The increased UAPN is also a strong independent predictor of diabetic nephropathy progression from macro-albuminuria to end-stage renal disease and was an even better predictor than albumin excretion rate or as good as estimated glomerular filtration rate [11].Therefore, the increased UAPN may be a reliable and sensitive biomarker in addition to traditional renal function for predicting CIN.