Postnatal pulmonary inflammation impedes the development of alveolar and pulmonary microvasculature, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of VEGF signaling and the activation of NF-κB to upregulate proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may be an important risk factor for BPD. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.