To further confirm the carcinogenic function of OTUD3 in lung cancer in vivo, OTUD3 transgenic (OTUD3 TG) mice with overexpression of OTUD3 protein, were crossed with KrasLSL-G12D/WT/OTUD3 WT mice to obtain KrasLSL-G12D/WT/OTUD3 TG mice (Supplementary Fig. 2a, b). This evidence concerns the gene OTUD3 and lung carcinoma.