However, when we further investigated whether OTUD3 stabilizes PTEN in lung cancer cell H1299 and A549, we found that OTUD3 failed to maintain PTEN level (Supplementary Fig. 3d, e), The seemingly contradictory phenomenon implied us that there is an unrevealed mechanism and function, which is independent of PTEN, of OTUD3 in lung cancer regulation. The gene discussed is OTUD3; the disease is lung cancer.