NRAS and colorectal carcinoma: Indeed, when we compared ERK phosphorylation in response to transfected KRASG12V in SW48 and Caco2 CRC cells (that have no mutations in KRAS, NRAS or BRAF), we found that Caco2 cells were KRASG12V-responsive, while SW48 cells were KRASG12V-insensitive, extending a recent study that shows only subtle effects of RAS mutants in SW4845 (Supplementary Fig. 8).