AIF1 and HIV infectious disease: Consistent with previous observations (27), EcoHIV-infected mice had clearly detectable HIV p24-positive cells in brain parenchyma near perivascular lesions typical of intracerebral HIV infection (Fig. 1K, left panel) and virus-expressed GFP localized to Iba-1-positive macrophages/microglia (Fig. 1K, EcoHIV-GFP panel, merge).