INS and Encephalopathy: BPC 157 has beneficial effects on inflammation, hemorrhage, and edema after traumatic brain injury [33], various severe encephalopathies (which follow gastrointestinal and/or liver lesions), NSAID overdose [34–37], or insulin overdose seizures [38] and on severe muscle weakness after exposure to the specific neurotoxin cuprizone in a rat multiple sclerosis model [39] or magnesium overdose [40].