XDH and malaria: In addition to elevated levels of host oxidative enzymes, such as XO, ROS in malaria may also be induced by the oxidative burst in macrophages that have phagocytosed iRBC (Ockenhouse et al, 1984; Kharazmi et al, 1987; Golenser et al, 1992) and the release of free heme from iRBC following synchronous schizont rupture (Andrade et al, 2010; Gozzelino et al, 2012).