Next, we investigated how oxidative stress contributes to inflammation in the context of malaria, where macrophages are simultaneously exposed to ROS and Plasmodium. We observed that when macrophages are incubated with P. falciparum iRBCL in the presence of XO, a synergistic increase is observed in the secretion of IL‐1β, but not of TNF, IL‐6, or IL‐10 (Fig 5A). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is malaria.