More notably, the expression of hypertrophy markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), beta myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC), and alpha‐skeletal actin (α‐SKA), was significantly increased by FoxO3 knockout in hearts treated with PQ (Figure 4e–g), further confirming the cardioprotective effects of FoxO3 in cardiac hypertrophy. This evidence concerns the gene FOXO3 and cardiac hypertrophy.