As summarized in Table 2, markedly more cases of malignant tumours were MMP‐9 (85.3%, 29/34)‐ and TGF‐β (79.4%, 27/34)‐positive; among them, 24 cases were both MMP‐9‐ and TGF‐β‐positive. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.