Whereas in PD and DLB alpha-synuclein forms filamentous aggregates in neurons, in form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites (Spillantini et al., 1997, 1998a), MSA is mainly characterized by oligodendrocytic inclusions of the protein, called glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), representing the hallmark of the disease (Papp et al., 1989; Spillantini et al., 1998b; Wakabayashi et al., 1998; Wenning and Jellinger, 2005; Jellinger and Lantos, 2010). Here, SNCA is linked to Parkinson disease.