CXCL9 and infection: While IL-1α and IL-1β levels in WT and IL-1R−/− mice were similar (Additional file 7), levels of IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN–γ, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL9 were significantly lower in IL-1R−/− mice compared with wild-type mice following infection with P1/7 (p < 0.05) (Figure 8).