The detailed stratified analysis of each CKD stage based on Tables 5 to 7 were shown in Supplementary (see Supplemental Content, which illustrates detailed stratified analysis of each CKD stage): the P value of heterogeneity shows statistically significant differences at the various independent variables include male, SBP, eGFR, creatinine, albumin, calcium, hyperlipidemia, and autoimmune disease. Here, ALB is linked to autoimmune disease.