Although severe disease is clearly linked with PfEMP1 type, such as expression of DC13, DC8 or group A PfEMP1 associated with rosetting, expression of these SM-PfEMP1 types is not sufficient for the development of severe disease since they are also expressed during first infections, whether or not the child develops severe malaria, and because children readily induce antibodies against SM-PfEMP1 [14]. The gene discussed is NSL1; the disease is infection.