IFNG and melanoma: Interestingly, in a recent study carried out by Cerezo et al. (299), inhibition of eIF4F complex (consisting eIF4A, eIF4E, and eIF4G subunits) was shown to upregulate IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression by thwarting the translation of STAT1 mRNA in melanoma, and the upstream regulator for the signaling remains to be identified.