Antibodies blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 by either targeting PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cemiplimab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) (Table 1) both induce durable objective responses in patients with melanoma (1, 2), NSCLC (3–5) and RCC (6), and other malignancies (7–15). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.