Donepezil not only acts at the neurotransmitter level, but also at the molecular and cellular level in almost all stages involved in the pathogenesis of AD, including the inhibition of various aspects of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, the reduction of early expression of inflammatory cytokines, the induction of a neuroprotective isoform of AChE and the reduction of oxidative stress-induced effects (42). Here, ACHE is linked to Alzheimer disease.