CXCL12 and neoplasm: In addition to immune cells, tumor-residing fibroblasts and stromal cells act as a source of cytokines mainly hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), and CXCL12 that are capable of supporting the growth and survival of malignant cells and promoting the infiltration of variety of cells [1] (Fig. 2).