In accordance with the morphological response observed in PCOS patients (Fig. 1b), PCOS cells exhibited a limited upregulation of prolactin and IGFBP-1 following exposure to cAMP (prolactin: p < 0.01; IGFBP-1: p = 0.035) and cAMP + DHT (prolactin: p = 0.03; IGFBP-1: p = 0.02). Here, PRL is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.