Among these, many IBD-risk genes with already-known functions during mouse colitis were found (e.g., IFNG, GPR65, ITGAL, CCL7, STAT3, FUT1, CD40, SULT1A1, MUC1, CARD9, IL12B, IRF1, and CD5), being specifically present in gene modules related to inflammation m1, m3, and m4. Here, IRF1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.