NEFH and Alzheimer disease: Several studies indicated that NEFL and phosphorylated NEFH (pNEFH) levels were significantly increased in the CSF and serum from ALS patients compared with normal control subjects and disease control patients [117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124], and the extent of the increase in ALS was highest among neurodegenerative diseases, including AD and PD [119,124], and as high as in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) [119,123,124].