The TDP-43 concentration in the CSF of ALS patients is significantly higher than that of normal control subjects, Guillain-Barre syndrome, MS patients, and PD patients [110,111,112,113,114], whereas exosomal TDP-43 levels in CSF were not different between the normal control subjects and ALS patients [114]. Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.