The increased cytosolic Keap1 in both CL and UUO kidneys (Fig 11) seems at first sight be contradictory with a similar increment in nuclear Nrf2: in a model of CKD, Western blotting analysis indicated an inverse relationship between Nrf2 and Keap1 in chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy [56]. This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and chronic kidney disease.