Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most extensively studied cell types of the innate immune system involved in cancer progression, have been previously described to affect the therapeutic outcome of several chemotherapies, including DOX, by mediating the local immunosuppression.30 Hence, we began by analyzing the intratumoral levels of CD45+/CD11b+/F4/80high TAMs. The gene discussed is ITGAM; the disease is neoplasm.