VEGFA and diabetic kidney disease: Many of these pathways are well known to be related to DKD pathogenesis, such as transforming growth factor beta receptor, oxidative stress, apoptosis, VEGF and angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and mitochondrial transport pathways (Figure 4A for pathways derived from predicted + validated targets, and Figure 4B for pathways derived only from validated targets).