When the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were used to pre-treat melanoma M14 and A375 cells prior to frugoside treatment, frugoside-induced cell death was significantly reduced to the basal level, as measured by a FACS analysis after staining with the Annexin V-FITC/PI reagent (Figure 4D and Figure S5B). This evidence concerns the gene ANXA5 and melanoma.