Alternatively, or as an adjunct to exercise, nutritional supplements containing specific nutrients known to stimulate muscle PGC1α signaling (e.g., n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds) may have pharmacologic potential to boost the KATs alongside mitochondrial capacity, especially in more severe COPD patients for whom the efficacy of aerobic exercise may be limited by their ventilatory impairment [24]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.