Declined Nrf2-antioxidant signaling during aging leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative stress, which is either causally linked or associated with numerous health problems including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington), and cancer (1–4). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.