Indeed, ESFT show deregulated expression of GLI1 (Joo et al., 2009) and this appears critical for the ESFT phenotype, since genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GLI1 reduces the EWS/FLI1 transformation activity, impairs in vitro cell proliferation and colony formation, and abrogates in vivo tumor growth (Zwerner et al., 2008; Beauchamp et al., 2009). The gene discussed is GLI1; the disease is neoplasm.