In a recent study, programmed cell death 1 (PD1), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3), as well as their respective ligands- PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) and galectin-9, have been revealed as crucial mediators involving in innate and adaptive immunity in acute alcoholic hepatitis patients (116). Here, CD274 is linked to alcoholic hepatitis.