Mechanistically, this treatment boosts MHC-I levels on the tumor-cell surface (9), the presence of CD8+, CD69+, or CD44+ cells within the TME (293) and reduces the presence of Tregs (293) as well as the latter's capacity to express CD39, CD73, CTLA-4, or FoxP3 (293). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.