VEGFA and thyroid gland carcinoma: The molecular signals involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer are the RAS and BRAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways; ligand-independent RET/PTC receptor tyrosine kinase activation; and pathways involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and their receptors (8, 9).