ATF4 and Parkinson disease: Neuron loss in an α-Synuclein model of PD occurs concomitantly with ER chaperone induction (Colla et al., 2012) ATF4 induction in rat dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra results in degeneration (Gully et al., 2016) ER stress in pink1/parkin models of PD leads to neurodegeneration (Celardo et al., 2016)