For example, in ALS and FTD studies, MALDI-MS has been successfully applied to identify increased levels of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) in FTLD-tau cortex (Schweitzer et al., 2006) as well as increased carbonylation of UCHL1 in the spinal cord of SOD1 mice (Poon et al., 2005). The gene discussed is UCHL1; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.