Previously, careful patient sub-type selection has led to the identification of genetic contributors to disease, such as the finding that TMEM106b genotype is a risk modifier of FTD by GWAS of a highly specific and well-defined subgroup of FTLD samples with confirmed TDP-43 histopathology (Van Deerlin et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene TMEM106B and frontotemporal dementia.