Collectively, hippocampal decreased neuroinflammatory pathways MAPK11/IL1-β/cPLA2/COX-2 and decreased hippocampal excitability as indicated by decreased Bdnf mRNA along with increased Crh mRNA expression could contribute to the neuroprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anticonvulsant properties described for PEA in epilepsy and other brain insults. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is epilepsy.