Previous studies characterizing tumor-associated NK cell responses using NK cells isolated from patients with cancer and expanded ex vivo using IL-2 and an irradiated EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line demonstrated the overexpression of genes such as CCNB2, CCL4, MIF, and TUBB, which were shown here to be upregulated after exposure to tumor targets [47]. Here, CCL4 is linked to neoplasm.