PON1 and atherosclerosis: Strikingly, TIC decreased atherosclerosis more significantly than did CLO (Fig 2A & 2B), likely because TIC, unlike CLO, was able to induce the anti-atherosclerotic molecule PON1 [62–65] in the intima (Fig 5D & 5F) and to maintain higher serum PON1 activities in the mice (Fig 5E), which led to the lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL4 and CXCL10 (Fig 4B & 4C).