Expressions of both HMGB1 (6.3, 4.4−7.8 ng/mL vs 1.9, 2.4−3.3 ng/mL, P<0.001) and TLR4 (3.0, 2.3−3.6 ng/mL vs 0.9, 1.3−1.7 ng/mL, P<0.001) in epilepsy patients were greatly elevated compared with HCs (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and epilepsy.