IGF1 and hyperinsulinism: According to Ibáñez et al. 4,5, children with intrauterine growth retardation, or those who are SGA, are more likely to show an increase in growth factors, such as IGF-1 and hyperinsulinemia, as compensatory changes to catch up in terms of weight and height, but as a consequence, they can develop PA, insulin resistance, and MS during their life span.