TNF and Crohn disease: In the study of Lee et al, it was suggested that the minor G allele of rs12212067 in FOXO3 is associated with a milder course of Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and with increased risk of severe malaria, which through down–regulation of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα and up–regulation of anti–inflammatory cytokines including IL–10.