SPINK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Serum SPINK1 levels were 41.6 ± 6.6 μg/L, 57.3 ± 8.3 μg/L, and 77.9 ± 13.8 μg/L in the CHB, LC, and HCC groups, respectively, and these differences were significant (P < 0.05, Figure 1(c)).