Consistent with the above findings, Iwata et al. [3] also reported that IL-10-producing B cells were significantly increased in autoimmune disease, such as SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, sjogren syndrome, autoimmune bullous disease, and multiple sclerosis, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG (in combination with PMA and ionomycin, PI) for 48 hours with the involvement of CD40 ligand. Here, CD40LG is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.