TLR9 and glioma: In another study, Grauer et al. showed that there are low to undetectable levels of TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 in GL261 cells; surprisingly, in C57BL/6 mice, a single intratumoral injection of CpG ODN 1668 inhibited glioma growth and cell proliferation in a cell-type specific manner.