TLR3 and neoplasm: Apoptosis of tumor cells can be generated by different mechanisms downstream of TLR3 activation in different cancer cell lines, as indicated by lower survivin expression and negative regulation of XIAP, FLIP, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 have been observed [21–23] and by a large number of cells positive for proapoptotic caspase-8 and caspase-3 [21].