TNFRSF1B and breast cancer: Therefore, we hypothesized that the utilization of nanoparticles with specific ligand would alter the function of breast cancer cells (e.g., uptake capacity or downregulation of membrane-bound TNF) and mediate TNF-TNFR2 signal that leads to distinct immunological effects, such as expansion of breast cancer cells, cytokines secretion, or survival capacity (Figure 6).