PDPN and adenoma: Similarly, our speculation was also supported by Wicki A et al.’s work, in which they overexpressed PDPN in a double transgenic Rip1Podo:Rip1Tag2 mouse model of carcinogenesis to transform a benign adenoma into an invasive carcinoma, in which the complete loss of E-cadherin and the upregulation of N-cadherin were not detected during progression [7].