HMGA2 and cancer: Furthermore, in terms of the duct cell, SMARCA4 loss in the early stage increases cancer dedifferentiation from IPMN to carcinoma; however, in the late stage, SMARCA4 overexpression enhances tumorigenicity by the promoter binding/transcriptional activation of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) and subsequent mesenchymal transition [47].