HLA-C and neoplasm: Two patient-specific parameters have been measured in recent clinical trials to be examined as biomarkers for anti-PD-1 treatment; first, number of mutations in the tumor (or TMB) (14), and second, sequences of tumor-associated mutations that can be translated to MHC/antigen binding based on the sequence similarity to known antigen binding using artificial neural network software packages such as netMHCpan (26).