Serum levels of major pro-angiogenic [Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)] and anti-angiogenic [Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), Endostatin] factors were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with liver diseases progression and outcomes of HCC patients undergoing transarterial chemo-embolization. This evidence concerns the gene THBS1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.