HIF-1α is increased in IPF (p = 0.05) (Fig. 2 a) as well as HIF-2α (p = 0.004) (Fig. 2 b), while HIF-3α presents a different behavior with more HIF-3α protein in controls (p = 0.04) (Fig. 2 c). This evidence concerns the gene HIF3A and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.