ACTA1 and chronic kidney disease: In the immunohistochemistry experiment, the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β (The fibrosis markers) in l-PNx model was higher than that in c-PNx model, and the western blotting results also showed that the protein levels of α-SMA, Collagen I and Collagen III in l-PNx model kidney was significantly higher than that in the c-PNx model, which demonstrated that the l-PNx model is a better model than c-PNx model for CKD research, especially for renal fibrosis of CKD.