TLR4 and Alzheimer disease: Among TLRs, TLR4 is the most expressed in microglia [50]; its activation has been demonstrated to be responsible for chronic inflammation in AD, where Aβ-oligomers interact with TLR4 and increase its expression [51,52], and in PD, where TLR4 protein expression is also increased in both in vitro and in vivo model systems [53].