Patients with malaria-HBV coinfection presented elevated concentrations of multiple variables such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, CCL2, and reduced levels of IL-12 and creatinine levels when compared to those with asymptomatic vivax malaria monoinfection (Fig 2A). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is Plasmodium vivax malaria.